AI Societal Impact ⁽³⁾

This is a high-level, introductory article about Large Language Models (LLMs), the core technology that enables the much-en-vogue chatbots as well as other Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. It is directed at a general audience, possibly with some technical and/or scientific background, but no knowledge is assumed of either deep learning or NLP. Having looked at major model ingredients, training workflow, and mechanics of output generation, we also talk about what these models are not. “At this writing, the only serious ELIZA scripts which exist are some which cause ELIZA to respond roughly as would certain psychotherapists (Rogerians). ELIZA performs best when its human correspondent is initially instructed to”talk” to it, via the typewriter of course, just as one would…

The topic of AI fairness metrics is as important to society as it is confusing. Confusing it is due to a number of reasons: terminological proliferation, abundance of formulae, and last not least the impression that everyone else seems to know what they’re talking about. This text hopes to counteract some of that confusion by starting from a common-sense approach of contrasting two basic positions: On the one hand, the assumption that dataset features may be taken as reflecting the underlying concepts ML practitioners are interested in; on the other, that there inevitably is a gap between concept and measurement, a gap that may be bigger or smaller depending on what is being measured. In contrasting these fundamental views, we…

Often, AI researchers and engineers think of themselves as neutral and “objective”, operating in a framework of strict formalization. Fairness and absence of bias, however, are social constructs; there is no objectivity, no LaTeX-typesettable remedies, no algorithmic way out. AI models are developed based on a history and deployed in a context. In AI as in data science, the very absence of action can be of political significance. When you work in a field as intellectually-satisfying, challenging and inspiring as software design for machine learning, it is easy to focus on the technical, keeping out of sight the broader context. Some would even say it is required. How else can you keep up the necessary level of concentration? But even…